Autore: Stoica, Irina
Titolo: The transformation of the welfare state in Sweden
Periodico: Le Carte e la storia
Anno: 2013 - Fascicolo: 1 - Pagina iniziale: 28 - Pagina finale: 38

In the era of globalization, the "Keynesian consensus" of the after-war period, whichprevented any trade-off between social security and economic growth, could not resist thepressure from the globalization of the world economy. The decline in industrial employmentcreated a situation in which - in the Nordic countries and in Sweden, especially, full employmentcould only be attained via services and the third economic sector. The consensusbecame fragile when the political left began to criticize the welfare state because of its lackof efficiency while the political right attacked the expansion of public sector costs, whichwas held responsible as undermining economic growth. In this respect, neo-liberals arguedthat by involving high levels of taxation, the welfare state erodes incentives to work, saveand invest, causing "market distortion". Moreover, by pulling human and capital resourcesaway from industries and into the public sector, it "crowded out" private sector alternatives.In other words, there existed a new and fundamental trade-off between egalitarianism andemployment. Methodologically, Sweden is presented as the prototype of the "universalisticparliamentary democratic welfare state" which best achieved what Goesta Esping Andersenidentifies as "de-commodification".




SICI: 1123-5624(2013)1<28:TTOTWS>2.0.ZU;2-C
Testo completo: http://www.mulino.it/download/article/10.1411/73889
Testo completo alternativo: http://www.mulino.it/doi/10.1411/73889

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