Autore: Bachofen, Blaise
Titolo: Da che cosa ci protegge lo Stato? Stato di guerra e Stato di diritto in Hobbes e Rousseau
Periodico: Storia del pensiero politico
Anno: 2013 - Fascicolo: 1 - Pagina iniziale: 89 - Pagina finale: 114

Social contract theory attributes to the State the role of «guarantor» or «protector» against the social violence it is meant to pacify. We must, however, distinguishon this matter between the different theorists of the social contract. Themost difficult comparison to make, but also the most enlightening one, is thatbetween Hobbes and Rousseau. Rousseau criticizes Hobbes, but often inspireshimself from him, and in particular in his theory of sovereignty. The comparisonbetween the two authors usually bears on the matter of the protection of individualrights. Our approach will be to shift the center of gravity of this questionby taking into account recent studies on the matter of war in Rousseau. It is onthe subject of the origins and the nature of violence that the essential chiasmbetween the two authors occurs. For Hobbes, the State and the law put an endto a violence that pre-exists them and that rises as soon as man meets man. ForRousseau, violence and conflict have as their first point of origin the stabilization,by the State and the law, of the uneven and competitive social statuses.Hence the intimate tension which runs throughout Rousseau's work regardingthe role of the State. Depending on its end and the terms of its institutions, it canequally well be described as a dominating power or a means of emancipation andharmonization of divergent interests.




SICI: 2279-9818(2013)1<89:DCCCPL>2.0.ZU;2-Z
Testo completo: http://www.mulino.it/download/article/10.4479/73193
Testo completo alternativo: http://www.mulino.it/doi/10.4479/73193

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