Autori: Libecap, Gary D., Bial, Joseph R.
Titolo: Global warming treaty negotiation and compliance : implications for collective action
Periodico: International Center for Economics Research, Torino. ICER - Working papers series
Anno: 1999 - Fascicolo: 9 - Pagina iniziale: 1 - Pagina finale: 48

Concerns about the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere and possible effects on global temperatures have led to a series of international initiatives for collective action. The Kyoto Protocol on Global Warming of December 1997calls for 38developed countries to reduce emissions by approximately 95 percent of 1990 levels by 2008-2012. Developing countries are not required to take explicit action. Although there is a large literature on the scientific issues involved and the use of various regulatory insturments, the international collective action problem has not been examined. This paper examines the problems of cooperation when the objective is uncertain, the parties are heterogeneous with respect to the benefits and costs of taking action, and adherence to the agreement by sovereign states is voluntary. Analysis of bargaining to address more local common-property resource problems is instructive, but those lessons have not been incorporated in the global warming literature. We outline a framework for analyzing bargaining among sovereign states to address global common-property resource problems and apply it to two other international efforts, the Law of the Sea Treaty of 1982 (LOS) and the Montreal Protocol to Control Substances that Damage the Ozone Layer of 1987. The negotiation and compliance issues encountered in those treaties are observed in recent efforts to address global temperature change.




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