This volume of specially-commissioned essays provides accessible introductions to all aspects of George Eliot's writing by some of the most distinguished new and established scholars and critics of Victorian literature. The essays are comprehensive, scholarly and lucidly written, and at the same time offer original insights into the work of one of the most important Victorian novelists, and into her complex and often scandalous career. Discussions of her life, the social, political, and intellectual grounding of her work, and her relation to Victorian feminism provide valuable criticism of everything from her early journalism to her poetry. Each essay contributes to a new understanding of the great fiction, from Adam Bede and The Mill on the Floss to Daniel Deronda. With its supplementary material, including a chronology and a guide to further reading, this Companion is an invaluable tool for scholars and students alike.(da sito Cambridge University Press)
Vedi indiceindex
Ackroyd, Peter, 222
Albert, Prince, 120
Allbutt, Clifford, 143
Afghan Wars, 152
All the Year Round, 181, 189
Allen, W. H., 160
American Civil War, 149
Anderson, Amanda, 154
Anderson, Quentin, 205
Anger, Suzy, 3, 223
Anglo-Zulu War (1879), 149, 151–52
Armstrong, Nancy 220, 224
Arnold, Matthew, 211, 220
Ashton, Rosemary, 205, 237, 238
Atheneum, 196
Atlantic, 194
Auerbach, Nina, 216, 223
Austen, Jane, 66, 145, 208, 210
Austen, Zelda, 216
Austro-Prusian War (1866), 148, 149
Beecher, Anna Clay, 173–74
Beer, Gillian, 67, 134–35, 214, 217
Bennett, Arnold, 9
Bentham, Jeremy, 79, 183
Blackwood, John, 29, 58, 103, 140, 148,
151, 155, 172, 182, 185–99, 204
Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, 29, 38,
106, 140, 141, 142, 182, 185, 188,
194
Blackwood, William, 20, 196
Blake, Kathleen, 217
Blind, Mathilde, 160
Bodenheimer, Rosemarie, 57, 72
Bodichone, Barbara, 35, 67, 143, 179
Bokat, Nicole Suzanne, 223
Bonaparte, Felicia, 60
Boone, Joseph, 178
Booth, Alison, 210
Booth, Wayne, 212–13, 222
Brabant, Dr. Robert, 27
Braddon, Mary, 175, 211
Bray, Cara, 24, 26, 104
Bray, Charles, 24, 26, 77, 79, 90, 103,
104
British Quarterly, 183
Brontë, Charlotte, 144, 147, 181, 190, 194,
216
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 172, 194
Browning, Oscar, 34
Bunyan, John, 119, 125, 134
Burke, Edmund, 50
Butwin, Joseph, 147
Byatt, A. S., 205, 211, 222, 237
Carlyle, Thomas, 119, 145, 147, 211
Carroll, David, 57, 60, 72, 214, 223
Century, 189
Chapman, John, 26, 27, 140, 183–84
Christ, Carol, 212
Clarke, Chrissey (née Evans) [GE’s sister], 22
Collins, Wilkie, 175
Combe, George, 104–105
Comte, Auguste, 77, 78, 80, 85–86, 87, 94,
101, 105–106, 123
Conrad, Joseph, 208
Cooke, George, 76
Cornhill Magazine, 58, 181, 190
Cottom, Daniel, 219, 224
Cross, John Walter, 36–37, 57, 196, 203,
206, 237
Cumming, John, 5, 6, 91, 124, 179
Cushman, Keith, 223
Dante Alighieri, 62, 69, 130
Darwin, Charles, 3, 99, 102, 105, 107, 129,
190, 214
Darwinism, social, 45–46, 112
David, Deirdre, 129, 219, 224
Davies, Emily, 162–63
Deutsch, Emanuel, 34
Deville, James, 104
Dickens, Charles, 1, 17, 58, 66, 79, 144,
145, 175, 181, 184
Disraeli, Benjamin, 140, 145, 211
Drabble, Margaret, 223
Eagleton, Terry, 42, 218
Edwards, Lee, 216
Eliot, George (Mary Anne, Mary Ann,
Marian Evans)
life and character
as editor, essayist, and journalist, 18,
21, 26, 29, 39, 57, 77, 101, 105, 121,
140, 141–42, 148, 181–201
as feminist, 2, 35, 66–67, 160, 179, 216
as intellectual, 4, 21, 26, 34, 40, 101,
178, 184
as mentor and “spiritual mother,” 32,
34–35, 51, 166, 203
as novelist, 5, 18, 26, 38, 57, 64, 76,
100, 107, 157, 181–201
as philosopher, 76–97
as poet and “scientific poet,” 18,
107–108, 113, 182, 194–95
as translator, 3, 26, 39, 77, 78, 79,
83–84, 90, 91, 183, 214
childhood and adolescence, 20–22
creation of identity, 4, 20, 181–201
death, 1, 2, 37
illness, 20, 32, 35
literary reputation, 202–25
name and naming, 3–4, 20, 22, 26,
28–29
rejection of social conventions, 3, 20,
21, 24, 25, 28, 36, 57, 140
social acceptance and respectability, 13,
34, 36, 40
views:
art and aesthetics, 8, 10, 76, 82, 111,
115, 124, 163, 186, 199
Bible, 78, 79, 90–92, 102, 103, 119–37,
124, 136
biology and natural history, 106–107,
110, 214, 215
Chartism, 145, 146
Christianity and GE’s renunciation, 3,
21, 23, 24–25, 57, 77, 103, 119–20
class, 13, 21, 31, 40, 42, 44, 63, 139,
142, 146, 219, 220–21
colonialism, 144, 147, 150–51, 152,
221
community, 2, 13, 21, 40, 47, 51,
122–23, 124, 144, 153, 163, 215,
221
consciousness, 9, 71–72, 84, 86, 122,
126
cosmopolitanism, 152, 156
culture, 156
desire and self-restraint, 12, 13, 15, 22,
52, 93–94, 95, 96, 223
determinism versus free will, 86, 89, 90,
112
domestic ideology, 44, 67, 163, 165–70
duty, 51, 54–55, 93, 94, 95, 128, 144,
162
education, 162–63, 165
empiricism, 77, 78, 85, 86, 102, 105,
114
experience, 2, 5, 6, 15, 77, 85, 86, 103,
109, 176
ethics, 80, 82, 87, 91, 92, 96, 199
evolution, 80, 102, 105, 107, 110
family, 2, 23, 51, 53, 55
feeling, 6, 7, 40, 52, 54, 72, 81, 82, 83,
93, 115, 174
feminism, 2, 35
French Revolution, 48–49, 50, 145,
147
geology, 102
gender, 40, 64–65, 132–33, 139,
159–80
heredity, generation, and inheritance,
41, 50, 51, 54, 73–74, 107. 110–11,
112, 202
hermeneutics, 90–92, 214
history and historical past, 13, 18,
30–31, 40, 41, 43, 45, 46, 52, 55, 59,
68, 94, 122, 126, 128, 129, 135, 202,
205
history, detachment from, 49–50
history, folk and rural, 41
ideology, 42, 72, 74
intuition, 78, 80, 81, 85, 93, 94
Jewish Question, 17, 34, 40, 69–70,
74, 120, 121–22, 134, 135–36, 149,
153, 154, 155, 178, 221–22
knowledge, 77, 78, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86,
87, 91, 98, 103, 104, 105, 165, 222
language and metaphor, 10, 87–89,
90–92, 103–104, 109, 116, 120, 122,
124–29, 138, 141, 142, 161, 168,
204–205
maternity, 165–68, 176–77
memory, 126, 130, 135, 204, 222
morality and moral responsibility, 6, 11,
15, 44, 67, 72, 77, 79, 80, 81, 86, 89,
90, 92–93, 95, 96, 120, 139, 140,
145, 195
“moral realism,” 7, 8, 15
nation and nationalism, 144, 146, 147,
148, 151, 152, 153, 155, 156, 157,
205, 221–22
pastoral, the, 41, 42, 48, 50, 204–205
perception, perspective, and point-ofview,
18, 62, 72, 80, 82, 84–85, 86,
91–92, 93, 94, 96, 103, 107, 109,
110, 115, 177
philology, 18, 76–97
philosophy, 5, 18, 29, 40, 76–97, 214
phrenology, 104–105, 106, 110
politics and reform, 12, 26, 42, 60, 62,
138–58
positivism, 18, 77, 78, 79, 85, 88, 101,
102, 105, 123, 195
Eliot, George (cont.)
print culture and literary publishing, 64,
166, 181–201, 204
public opinion and public life, 43,
60–61, 64
psychology, 18, 77, 107, 113, 138
race, 40, 150, 152, 221–22
realism and representation, 7, 8, 10–11,
14–15, 16, 18, 85, 86, 103, 108, 109,
111, 112, 115, 124–29, 132, 157,
187
reason, 6
relativism, 83, 84
religion, 2, 23, 31, 104, 119–39, 183,
214
science, 18, 98–117, 214, 215
skepticism, 83, 203–204
social change, 40, 43, 44–45, 46, 49,
51, 52, 54, 56, 62, 70, 72, 108, 144,
145, 147, 153
social stasis, 49–50, 52, 55
society and social constraints, 2, 6, 10,
13, 16, 21, 25, 162–63, 164, 167–68
society, traditional versus modern, 43,
46
sympathy, 72, 80, 81, 82, 86, 90, 93,
94, 95, 124, 129, 162, 167, 176–77,
202, 204, 205, 223
time, 42, 43, 44, 46, 103, 202–203, 205
tradition, 2, 13, 41, 43, 49, 51, 53,
125–26, 132, 144, 153
truth, 7, 9, 10, 77, 78, 83, 85, 86, 101,
109
typology, 122, 124–29, 135
Woman Question, 18, 35, 40, 123, 147,
162, 178, 222
women, 13, 35, 44, 57, 67, 68, 123,
128, 129, 132, 139, 159–80
women writers, 4, 157, 161, 166, 184,
225
writing, 39, 157, 161, 166, 181–201
Works:
Adam Bede, 7, 8, 9–10, 11, 18, 30, 31,
38, 39, 40–41, 43, 44–47, 107, 108,
109–10, 111–12, 125, 126, 140,
144–45, 160, 169, 171, 187, 204,
207
“Address to the Working Men by Felix
Holt.” 141, 142
as anticipation of deconstruction, 15
as anticipation of Freudian
psychoanalysis, 18, 71, 173
as anticipation of modernism and
postmodernism, 2, 18, 91, 211–12
as anticipation of poststructuralism,
83
“The Antigone and its Moral,” 53–54
“Brother Jacob,” 38, 150–51, 191
characterological similarities, 39, 58, 69
characters’ education in renunciation,
11, 52, 93–94
characters’ innocence and idealism, 14
courtship and marriage in, 52, 58–59,
63, 64, 65–66, 68, 71, 161, 164–65,
169, 172, 173, 174–75, 177
critical reception, 1, 3, 5, 8, 9, 11, 58,
83, 86–87, 91, 131, 202–25, 239–43
Daniel Deronda, 15, 16–17, 33, 34, 39,
49, 55, 57, 69, 72, 73, 76, 95–96,
112, 114, 121, 124, 130, 135–36,
144, 149, 151, 154–55, 167, 173–78,
191, 192, 193, 217, 221
as “experiments in life,” 18, 39, 103
Felix Holt, the Radical, 1, 12, 13, 14,
31, 39, 47–48, 60, 61, 125, 127,
138–139, 145, 148, 156, 168,
169–70, 191, 219, 220
Feuerbach’s The Essence of Christianity
(translation), 3, 78, 79, 83–84, 90,
121, 123–24, 183
feminist critical responses, 11–12, 16,
66–67, 159–80, 207, 215, 216–17,
220–21, 241–42
imagery, 39, 42, 112, 113–14
imagery of animals, 44–45
imagery of nature and landscape, 43,
47, 48, 50, 109, 112, 128, 141,
204–205
imagery of water, 128, 131–32, 141–42,
202–203
Impressions of Theophratus Such, 86,
119, 120, 121–22, 143, 144, 146,
147, 148, 150, 156–57, 197, 198,
203, 204, 205
language and metaphor, 10, 63, 68–69,
71, 74, 121
The Legend of Jubal and Other Poems,
Old and New, 194–95
“The Lifted Veil,” 38, 39, 179
Marxist critical responses, 218, 219,
220–21
Middlemarch, 1, 6, 10, 11, 13–14, 16,
17, 18, 33, 35, 57, 61–66, 68, 78, 79,
81–82, 83, 89–90, 93, 95, 99–100,
102–103, 114–15, 116, 119, 127,
138, 140, 145, 160, 162, 163–65,
172, 191, 192, 193, 207
The Mill on the Floss, 6, 13, 14, 18, 21,
31, 38, 39, 47, 52, 53–54, 57, 58,
93–95, 98, 107, 112, 113–14, 119,
141, 161, 162, 172, 173, 174–75,
187, 192, 202, 203, 205, 207, 209,
216, 218–19
“Notes on Form in Art,” 111, 163
Romola, 1, 13, 14–15, 31, 33, 38, 39,
48, 58–59, 60, 69, 93, 127, 128,
131–32, 138, 140, 145, 159, 172,
190, 204, 209
Scenes of Clerical Life, 4, 7, 8, 29, 31,
38, 39, 42, 48–49, 105, 107, 124,
125, 126–27, 160, 185, 186–87, 193,
194, 207
Silas Marner, 13, 14, 18, 31, 33, 38, 39,
48, 58, 119, 126, 127, 163, 166, 187,
207
“Silly Novels by Lady Novelists,” 4,
157, 161, 166, 184, 216, 225
The Spanish Gypsy, 31, 55, 140, 144,
161, 182, 194
Spinoza’s Ethics (translation), 78, 90,
183
Spinoza’s Tractacus Theologico-
Politicus (translation), 78, 90, 91
Strauss’s The Life of Jesus (translation),
3, 26, 78, 90, 121, 122, 183
transformation of novel form, 1, 18,
181–82, 213–14
Evans, Chrissey see Clarke, Chrissey [GE’s
sister]
Evans, Christiana (née Pearson) [GE’s
mother], 20, 21
Evans, Isaac [GE’s brother], 21, 23, 25, 36
Evans, Robert [GE’s father], 20, 23, 24–25,
120
Fielding, Henry, 66, 68, 196
feminist critical responses, 11–12, 16,
66–67, 159–80, 207, 215, 216–17,
220–21, 241–42
Feuerbach, Ludwig, 3, 78, 83–84, 121,
123–24, 129, 130, 183, 214
Flax, Jane, 163, 178
Forster, E. M., 211
Fraiman, Susan, 217, 218
Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), 148
Fraser’s Magazine, 184
French Revolution (1789), 48–49, 50, 145,
147
Fuller, Margaret, 167
Gall, Franz Joseph, 104, 105
Gallagher, Catherine, 139, 156, 219–20
Gaskell, Elizabeth, 60, 145, 146, 175,
190
Gilbert, Sandra, 160, 211, 216, 222
Graver, Suzanne, 215, 221
Gruppe, Otto, 85
Gubar, Susan, 160, 211, 216, 222
Halevy, Eli, 104
Haight, Gordon, 184, 211, 237, 238
Hardy, Barbara, 14, 212
Hardy, Thomas, 211
Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, 192
Harper’s Weekly, 192
Margaret, Harris, 237
Harrison, Frederic, 8–9
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 77
Hennell, Charles Christian, 24, 27, 78,
120–21
Hennell, Rufa, 145
Hennell, Sara, 27, 146–47
Henry, Nancy, 222, 224
Holloway, John, 205, 211, 212
Homans, Margaret, 217, 218, 220, 224
Household Words, 181
Hughes, Kathryn, 151, 205
Hunt, Thornton, 27, 28
Hutton, R. H., 135
Huxley, T. H., 3
Irwin, Jane, 237
Jacobus, Mary, 217
James, Henry, 2, 4, 18, 58, 70–71, 76, 98,
206, 208–209, 224
Jameson, Fredic, 223
Jewish Question, 17, 34, 40, 69–70, 74,
120, 121–22, 134, 135–36, 149, 153,
154, 155, 178, 221–22
Johnston, Judith, 237
Kant, Immanuel, 77, 78, 83, 85
Karl, Frederick R., 205, 237, 238
Keats, John, 195
Kermode, Frank, 213, 214, 222
Knoepflmacher, U. C., 48
Kucich, John, 223–24
Laing, Robert, 119
Langbauer, Laurie, 216
Langford, Joseph Munt, 140
Langland, Elizabeth, 220–21, 224
Lawrence, D. H., 208
Leader, 27, 29, 107, 184
Leavis, F. R., 205, 208, 209, 212, 224
Leighton, Frederick, 190
Lesjak, Carolyn, 221
Levine, Caroline, 15
Levine, George, 213, 214, 217, 222
Lewes, Agnes (née Jervis) [GHL’s wife], 28
Lewes, Charles [GHL’s son], 32–33, 35,
151
Lewes, George Henry, 2–3, 7, 27, 28, 35, 37,
57, 79, 80, 84, 100, 101, 106, 108,
110, 113, 120, 182–99, 203
Lewes, Herbert [GHL’s son], 32–33, 149,
151
Lewes, Thornton [GHL’s son], 32–33,
149–50, 151
Lewis, Maria, 22, 23, 24, 104, 145, 166
Lewis, Sarah, 166
Lubbock, Percy, 213
Lyell, Charles, 102
Lytton, Edward Bulwer, 181
Mackay, Robert, 91
Main, Alexander, 34–35, 193–94, 203, 206
Mallock, W. H., 119, 214
Martineau, Harriet, 143, 146
Marxist critical responses, 218, 219, 221–21
Maxwell, Clerk, 99
Meyer, Susan, 221
Mill, James, 183
Mill, John Stuart, 61, 72, 77, 79, 101, 102,
162
Miller, D. A., 12, 219, 222–23, 224
Miller, J. Hillis, 213, 214, 222
Miller, Nancy K., 173, 217
Milton, John, 102, 130
Morley, John, 162
Mudie’s Select Library, 181
Mulock, Dinah, 172
Newman, John 211
Neufeldt, Victor A., 237
New Poor Law (1834), 42
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 91, 92
Nightingale, Florence, 160, 161
Nussbaum, Martha, 92
Oliphant, Laurence, 155
Once a Week, 189
Opium War (1841–42), 146
Paris, Bernard, 214
Parks, Bessie Rayner, 67, 143
Pattison, Emilia, 34, 166
Paxton, Nancy, 215
Pears, Elizabeth (née Bray), 24
Pearson, Christiana [GE’s mother], 20
Pearson, Patricia, 167
Peck, John, 144
Pinney, Thomas, 211, 237
Pratt, John Clark, 237
Pulcheria, James, 212–13
Qualls, Barry, 3, 214
Quarles, Francis, 125
Redfield, Marc, 224
Redinger, Ruby, 237, 238
Rodstein, Susan De Sola, 150
Reform Bill (1832), 40, 60, 61, 139, 142
Reform Bill, Second (1867), 12, 60, 61,
140
Riehl, Wilhelm Heinrich von, 2, 105, 152
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 49, 77
Ruskin, John, 55–56, 190
Said, Edward, 155
Saturday Review, 184
Schafer, E. S., 72
Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 91
Scott, Sir Walter, 59
Semmell, Bernard, 156, 221
Shiller, Dana, 222, 223
Showalter, Elaine, 210–11, 216, 217, 222,
223
Shuttleworth, Sally, 215, 221
Sibree, John, 147
Simcox, Edith, 35, 42, 51, 143, 203
Simpson, Richard, 38, 42, 129
Smith, George, 190–91, 194, 196
Spencer, Herbert, 27, 28, 77, 107, 110, 184,
215
Spinoza, Baruch, 78, 82, 90, 91, 183, 214
Stephen, Leslie, 39, 58, 203, 206–207, 208,
209, 217, 218, 224
Stockton, Kathryn Bond, 214
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 152, 155
Strauss, David Friedrich, 3, 26, 78, 121,
122, 129, 130, 183, 214
Stuart, Elma, 34, 54
Sully, James, 76
Taylor, Clementia, 143, 152
Tennyson, Alfred Lord, 120, 196
Thackeray, William Makepeace, 181, 190,
196
Thomas, Jeanie, 205
Thompson, Andrew, 139
Tönnies, Ferdinand, 215
Trollope, Anthony, 138, 139, 143, 144
Tyndall, John, 2
Vargish, Thomas, 214
Victoria, Queen, 120
Warren, Nicholas, 237
Westminster Review, 26, 29, 57, 77, 101,
105, 121, 140, 183, 184
Willey, Basil, 103
Williams, Raymond, 41, 42, 205, 218
Wilt, Judith, 133–33
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 88
Wooler, Margaret, 147
Wollstonecraft, Mary, 167
Woman Question, 18, 35, 40, 123, 147,
162, 222
Woolf, Virginia, 9, 100, 162, 206, 207, 210,
217, 224
Wordsworth, William, 100, 126, 130, 205,
218
Yonge, Charlotte M., 172–73
Young, Edward, 6–7
Young, Robert M., 105
Ziolkowski, Theodore, 122